As the first scientists of Australia, First Nations people throughout this land have an enduring connection to Country. Theirs is an innate understanding of the seasons, weather, animals, plants, and ecosystems of this land, collected, remembered, and passed down through the generations. It is a rich lore, an embedded understanding of how to help Country not just survive – but thrive.

Australia has over 200,000 animal species, more than any other developed nation, and 24,000 species of native plants, all of which contribute to Australia’s rich biodiversity. These incredible species have developed amazing ways to adapt and survive, and First Nations custodianship entails an inherent responsibility to protect them.

It is now widely recognised that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ methods of land care are vital in combating ecological issues, reversing species decline, regenerating habitat, and introducing sustainable harvesting. Seasonal calendars are increasingly used in land care, tracking which species are active and when, and ‘cool burning’ – the practice of using small fires to clear areas of land while ensuring seed regeneration and delivering nutrients back into the soil – is becoming widespread.

The lessons in this guide are designed to inspire students to learn more about First Nations people and their connection to Country, as well as their millennia-rich history of helping to protect species survival beyond sustainability. It is anticipated classes will build connections with local First Nations communities and connect with local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and organizations who can help the class develop a deeper understanding of animal survival and adaptation through an Indigenous lens.

We have created two separate guides this year, one designed to be delivered in classrooms, as well as a citizen science guide to help celebrate Science Week 2024 at home.